Forwarded from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅Defence- Pinaka Rocket system- MBRL
🅾️Fundamental Purpose: To improve strike capability over longer distances, allowing for a tactical advantage in border and conflict zones.
🅾️Extended range (75 km) → Expanded coverage and ability to target distant positions → Enhanced strategic depth in defensive and offensive maneuvers.Salvo mode allows firing at multiple targets in rapid succession → Higher impact in short engagements → Increased ability to neutralize threats quickly.
⚠️Provisional Staff Qualitative Requirements (PSQR):specific set of performance standards that the Pinaka system must meet to qualify for military induction
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✅Defence- Pinaka Rocket system- MBRL
🅾️Fundamental Purpose: To improve strike capability over longer distances, allowing for a tactical advantage in border and conflict zones.
🅾️Extended range (75 km) → Expanded coverage and ability to target distant positions → Enhanced strategic depth in defensive and offensive maneuvers.Salvo mode allows firing at multiple targets in rapid succession → Higher impact in short engagements → Increased ability to neutralize threats quickly.
⚠️Provisional Staff Qualitative Requirements (PSQR):specific set of performance standards that the Pinaka system must meet to qualify for military induction
🎖Join
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
image_2024-11-19_20-21-59.png
2.2 MB
✅Gs-2 : IR- India's Neighbourhood First policy challenges and recalibration.
🔰Core issues :
⚜️India's Dominance Perception: Criticism for flexing power; erosion of trust.
⚜️Diplomatic Gaps: Nepali PM bypassing India, strained ties with Maldives, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh.
⚜️Nepal Concerns: Madhesi issue, rising anti-India sentiment, strained government ties.
🔰Policy Concerns:
⚜️Non-alignment with neighbors’ concerns.
⚜️Mixed signals—flexing influence versus mutual respect.
⚜️Lack of institutional focus on regional trust-building.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🔰Core issues :
⚜️India's Dominance Perception: Criticism for flexing power; erosion of trust.
⚜️Diplomatic Gaps: Nepali PM bypassing India, strained ties with Maldives, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh.
⚜️Nepal Concerns: Madhesi issue, rising anti-India sentiment, strained government ties.
🔰Policy Concerns:
⚜️Non-alignment with neighbors’ concerns.
⚜️Mixed signals—flexing influence versus mutual respect.
⚜️Lack of institutional focus on regional trust-building.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
image_2024-11-19_20-15-44.png
2.4 MB
✅Gs-3 : Internal security- Terrorism - V. IMP article!
🅾️Evolving Nature of Terrorism=Sophistication in Tactics: Modern networks exhibit precision in target selection
🅾️Transnational Networks: Links to Yemen, Lebanon, and other conflict zones demonstrate the cross-border spread of terrorism.
🅾️Technology in Terrorism: Advanced weapons, explosives
🅾️Global Socio-Economic Disparities: Inequalities and historical grievances act as fertile grounds for radicalization. Power vacuums in post-Cold War geopolitics (e.g., West Asia’s instability).
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Evolving Nature of Terrorism=Sophistication in Tactics: Modern networks exhibit precision in target selection
🅾️Transnational Networks: Links to Yemen, Lebanon, and other conflict zones demonstrate the cross-border spread of terrorism.
🅾️Technology in Terrorism: Advanced weapons, explosives
🅾️Global Socio-Economic Disparities: Inequalities and historical grievances act as fertile grounds for radicalization. Power vacuums in post-Cold War geopolitics (e.g., West Asia’s instability).
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Environment- Climate change
🅾️What is Geoengineering- kinds and impacts?- Click here
⚜️Cloud seeding and its impact- calcium chloride as cloud seeding flare
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🅾️What is Geoengineering- kinds and impacts?- Click here
⚜️Cloud seeding and its impact- calcium chloride as cloud seeding flare
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⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Economic growth- Industrial Policy
🅾️Context : The global economy is witnessing a rise in activist industrial policies
🅾️What can happen as a result?- global overcapacity, lower international prices, and protectionist measures, thereby increasing costs for downstream sectors.
🅾️What is happening in india?- India’s Activist Industrial Policy:Make in India (launched in 2014) and Production-Linked Incentive (PLI)- Yet manufacturing growth has declined-GVA fell from 16-17% to 14-15% in recent years.
⚠️So what should we do?- Shift Away from Protectionism-adopt innovative technologies and integrate with global value chains.
⚜️We also need cooperative federalism for economic growth- Click here
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Context : The global economy is witnessing a rise in activist industrial policies
🅾️What can happen as a result?- global overcapacity, lower international prices, and protectionist measures, thereby increasing costs for downstream sectors.
🅾️What is happening in india?- India’s Activist Industrial Policy:Make in India (launched in 2014) and Production-Linked Incentive (PLI)- Yet manufacturing growth has declined-GVA fell from 16-17% to 14-15% in recent years.
⚠️So what should we do?- Shift Away from Protectionism-adopt innovative technologies and integrate with global value chains.
⚜️We also need cooperative federalism for economic growth- Click here
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Climate change- climate policy
🅾️What is carbon leakage?
🅾️What is CBAM? How not to get caught in the chakravyuh over access to transition minerals?-Click here
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
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🅾️What is carbon leakage?
🅾️What is CBAM? How not to get caught in the chakravyuh over access to transition minerals?-Click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs-2 : Education- Higher Education.
⚠️If you want to read about education,this can form the structure for an essay - click and read here
🅾️In the above set of issues, Affordability issue is the one being addressed by this present scheme-PM Vidyalaxmi Scheme
⚠️Earlier, only low-income students benefited; now, it includes middle-income groups-Gives collateral-free loans (no security needed) to students for tuition and other course expenses.Covers students with family incomes up to ₹8 lakh per year. Adds a 3% interest discount during the repayment grace period (moratorium).
🅾️Eligibility: Students must be admitted to one of 860 top-ranking institutions as per NIRF rankings. Unlike earlier schemes, NAAC and NBA accreditation are not required, but institutions must be in NIRF's top lists.
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⚠️If you want to read about education,this can form the structure for an essay - click and read here
🅾️In the above set of issues, Affordability issue is the one being addressed by this present scheme-PM Vidyalaxmi Scheme
⚠️Earlier, only low-income students benefited; now, it includes middle-income groups-Gives collateral-free loans (no security needed) to students for tuition and other course expenses.Covers students with family incomes up to ₹8 lakh per year. Adds a 3% interest discount during the repayment grace period (moratorium).
🅾️Eligibility: Students must be admitted to one of 860 top-ranking institutions as per NIRF rankings. Unlike earlier schemes, NAAC and NBA accreditation are not required, but institutions must be in NIRF's top lists.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#Environment
✅Gs-3 : Pollution- Air pollution
➡️Indoor Air Pollution-Meaning- Click here- PM2.5 particles are the primary indoor air pollutant, causing respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases.
🅾️Ethical Issues: Air purifiers are costly and benefit only those who can afford them, creating inequity-Solutions like air purification do not address root causes of pollution, perpetuating systemic problems.
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✅Gs-3 : Pollution- Air pollution
➡️Indoor Air Pollution-Meaning- Click here- PM2.5 particles are the primary indoor air pollutant, causing respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases.
🅾️Ethical Issues: Air purifiers are costly and benefit only those who can afford them, creating inequity-Solutions like air purification do not address root causes of pollution, perpetuating systemic problems.
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
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✅Gs- 2 : Fundamental Rights/DPSP- evolution of the Right to Property
🅾️Article 39(b) (Directive Principle) directed that resources should serve the common good. Justice Krishna Iyer expanded this to include all property serving material needs of the community.
🅾️Case : Ranganatha Reddy vs State of Maharashtra -clarified that some private property, such as those used for production (factories), could be treated as "material resources of the community", but personal items (e.g., toothbrushes) are excluded= judgment limits state control over private property unless it serves community needs
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🅾️Article 39(b) (Directive Principle) directed that resources should serve the common good. Justice Krishna Iyer expanded this to include all property serving material needs of the community.
🅾️Case : Ranganatha Reddy vs State of Maharashtra -clarified that some private property, such as those used for production (factories), could be treated as "material resources of the community", but personal items (e.g., toothbrushes) are excluded= judgment limits state control over private property unless it serves community needs
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs-3 : Climate change
🅾️Argentina- climate change-Paris Agreement Withdrawal
⚠️President Javier Milei, a known climate change skeptic, views the agreement as having elements that Argentina disagrees with- In order to really appreciate why this is such a misinformed opinion- you should read about the climate tipping points- click here
🅾️Implications of Withdrawal : practically nothing for argentina as these are VOLUNTARY In nature- maybe EU can impose trade protectionist measures like CBAM- CLick here
🚫That is why paris deal should have been binding!
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
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🅾️Argentina- climate change-Paris Agreement Withdrawal
⚠️President Javier Milei, a known climate change skeptic, views the agreement as having elements that Argentina disagrees with- In order to really appreciate why this is such a misinformed opinion- you should read about the climate tipping points- click here
🅾️Implications of Withdrawal : practically nothing for argentina as these are VOLUNTARY In nature- maybe EU can impose trade protectionist measures like CBAM- CLick here
🚫That is why paris deal should have been binding!
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs-3 : Economic growth- Inclusive Growth- Corporate Social Responsibility- Case study - One corporate, one village adoption scheme
✅Gs-2 : Governance- NGOs- Corporate social Responsibility- What is the Quality of CSR activities ?
🔰Philosophical origin of the concept of CSR - Click here
🅾️A very good analysis on CSR- Click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs-2 : Governance- NGOs- Corporate social Responsibility- What is the Quality of CSR activities ?
🔰Philosophical origin of the concept of CSR - Click here
🅾️A very good analysis on CSR- Click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs-3 : Climate change- Cop 29 Negotiations- Baku, Azerbaijan- Click here
🅾️Controversial Points at COP29
⚜️1. Quantum of Finance: The NCQG sets no clear number for funding, leading to disputes- Click here
⚜️2.Nature of Contributions: The debate over grants versus loans continues- Click here
⚜️3. Accountability: Mechanisms to track how funds are used remain weak- Just like how it is in CSR- Click here
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Controversial Points at COP29
⚜️1. Quantum of Finance: The NCQG sets no clear number for funding, leading to disputes- Click here
⚜️2.Nature of Contributions: The debate over grants versus loans continues- Click here
⚜️3. Accountability: Mechanisms to track how funds are used remain weak- Just like how it is in CSR- Click here
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-1 : Indian Society - Role of Women
✅Gs2- Vulnerable sections- Women
🅾️Feminist Ideology in India's Constitutional Discourse- This is a very important article for Philosophy, sociology optional candidates.
🔰Role of Founding Mothers
⚜️1. Advocacy for a social revolution against patriarchal structures- Collaboration with leaders like B.R. Ambedkar to integrate feminist ideals.
⚜️2. Demands to include Uniform Civil Code-Hansa Mehta and Amrit Kaur’s advocacy for UCC
⚜️3. Emphasis on secular values by leaders like Begum Aizaz Rasul.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs2- Vulnerable sections- Women
🅾️Feminist Ideology in India's Constitutional Discourse- This is a very important article for Philosophy, sociology optional candidates.
🔰Role of Founding Mothers
⚜️1. Advocacy for a social revolution against patriarchal structures- Collaboration with leaders like B.R. Ambedkar to integrate feminist ideals.
⚜️2. Demands to include Uniform Civil Code-Hansa Mehta and Amrit Kaur’s advocacy for UCC
⚜️3. Emphasis on secular values by leaders like Begum Aizaz Rasul.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- European solar mission- Proba-3
🅾️Objective of Proba-3: To Study the solar corona, the outermost and hottest part of the Sun’s atmosphere, which remains difficult to observe due to the Sun’s intense brightness.
🅾️Unique feature : First ever Precision Formation Flying: Two satellites, the Occulter Spacecraft (200 kg) and the Coronagraph Spacecraft (340 kg), will maintain a fixed configuration with a distance of 150 meters between them.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Objective of Proba-3: To Study the solar corona, the outermost and hottest part of the Sun’s atmosphere, which remains difficult to observe due to the Sun’s intense brightness.
🅾️Unique feature : First ever Precision Formation Flying: Two satellites, the Occulter Spacecraft (200 kg) and the Coronagraph Spacecraft (340 kg), will maintain a fixed configuration with a distance of 150 meters between them.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Forwarded from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
This helps: productivity means maximum output for a given input.
Let us normalise productivity as a metric- not the no of hours spent 🙂
Let us normalise productivity as a metric- not the no of hours spent 🙂
image_2024-11-28_09-04-19.png
3.7 MB
✅Gs-2- Government schemes and their implementation-MGNREGA-
🅾️Chronology wise read the articles in the following manner if you dont know about MGNREGA- Click here
🅾️Then you should read this very analytical and solution oriented article on MGNREGA- CLick here
⚠️Present article - latest updates : Issues- Over the last five years, 2.15 crore workers have been deleted from MGNREGA job cards, with a 249% increase in deletions in 2022-23 alone. This includes 1.68 lakh workers in 2022-23 who were deemed “not willing to work”, often without their knowledge.Many workers have lost their right to guaranteed work under MGNREGA, which directly affects their livelihood.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Chronology wise read the articles in the following manner if you dont know about MGNREGA- Click here
🅾️Then you should read this very analytical and solution oriented article on MGNREGA- CLick here
⚠️Present article - latest updates : Issues- Over the last five years, 2.15 crore workers have been deleted from MGNREGA job cards, with a 249% increase in deletions in 2022-23 alone. This includes 1.68 lakh workers in 2022-23 who were deemed “not willing to work”, often without their knowledge.Many workers have lost their right to guaranteed work under MGNREGA, which directly affects their livelihood.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Agriculture- Natural Farming- National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF)
➡️What is the difference between Natural farming and Organic Farming?- Click here
🅾️Pros and cons of Natural farming- Click here
⚠️Major difference?- Emphasis on soil health, resilience to climate risks (like floods and droughts), and reducing the environmental footprint of farming.Builds on earlier initiatives like Bhartiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati (BPKP) but aims for nationwide adoption and scalable models.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
➡️What is the difference between Natural farming and Organic Farming?- Click here
🅾️Pros and cons of Natural farming- Click here
⚠️Major difference?- Emphasis on soil health, resilience to climate risks (like floods and droughts), and reducing the environmental footprint of farming.Builds on earlier initiatives like Bhartiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati (BPKP) but aims for nationwide adoption and scalable models.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-1 : Indian society- Secularism- Preamble
✅Gs-2 : Indian constitution-Preamble- secularism- Interpretation in the context of renaming of cities- Written by J sai Deepak- Read this
⚠️What is the reasoning Behind Including ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ in the Preamble?- Read this article- in short- to reflect India’s commitment to inclusive governance and equality in the face of changing socio-political realities
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-2 : Indian constitution-Preamble- secularism- Interpretation in the context of renaming of cities- Written by J sai Deepak- Read this
⚠️What is the reasoning Behind Including ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ in the Preamble?- Read this article- in short- to reflect India’s commitment to inclusive governance and equality in the face of changing socio-political realities
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-2 : Centre - state relations- Finance commission - Fiscal federalism
🅾️Please keep a tab on this and implications for the 16th finance commission- Click here
⚠️Main issue here : equity and effectiveness in resource devolution-these transfers have not effectively raised their capacity to enhance social and economic outcomes, leading to stagnation in convergence between states.
🚫Implication?- The FC relies heavily on population and income-based criteria to allocate funds, which ensures higher transfers to poorer states. However, these criteria fail to incentivize capacity-building efforts, as states with higher tax revenues and better governance may receive comparatively lower transfers
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Please keep a tab on this and implications for the 16th finance commission- Click here
⚠️Main issue here : equity and effectiveness in resource devolution-these transfers have not effectively raised their capacity to enhance social and economic outcomes, leading to stagnation in convergence between states.
🚫Implication?- The FC relies heavily on population and income-based criteria to allocate funds, which ensures higher transfers to poorer states. However, these criteria fail to incentivize capacity-building efforts, as states with higher tax revenues and better governance may receive comparatively lower transfers
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel